Desirable properties

To understand why, and why humanity create their own kind, you need to understand - what exactly is cloning in general.

Cloning - all methods of directed breeding of organisms and their genetic material without fertilization - by breeding a single cell.

Studies clearly marching to the cloning of vertebrate animals of them from brand name viagra individual cells, have begun to amphibians in the early years of the twentieth century. The great German embryologist Hans Shpeman *, dividing the hair loop at the earliest - two-celled - newt embryo into two cells, has received one of two entire viable embryos - to twins.

In the 1950's., With the development of microsurgery, British scientists embryologists R. Briggs and T. King, conducted experiments on the frog genus Rana. They transplanted the nucleus of cells in more advanced stages of development (eg, the nucleus of cells of tadpoles) in fertilized eggs - eggs are killed or removed from the nucleus and demonstrated that the later stage of development of the organism - the donor cells, the more difficult to obtain from them the normal fetuses.

Biological clock could turn back the clock. "In the future, human life can be extended up to two hundred years" - the declaration made by the experts of the University of Massachusetts in the U.S.. It sounds fantastic. This is recognized and the scientists themselves. However, the new cloning technique that was developed at the Massachusetts biologists, will significantly extend the human life.

The experiment started in the 1999th year, and the first results exceeded all expectations. Cloned using the new method gobies grew old much more slowly than their naturally born counterparts.

The essence of the new method is as follows. Scientists first decided to experiment with old cells: taking them from a six-calf, in the laboratory have waited almost a full complete life cycle of cells. Then these cells were transplanted a cow.

Scientists from the U.S. believe that cloning-help treat senile diseases in humans, that at first glance seems very noble goal. But it is only at first glance.

Back in the early 1970's caused a sensation "the development of human embryos in vitro" - "experience" - a hoax of some Italian named Petrucci. Then, once all these passions subsided.

* Hans Shpeman (1869 - 1941) - German embryologist, one of the founders of experimental embryology, Nobel laureate (1935).



In recent years, the Assembly and committees: WHO, UNESCO, Council of Europe, the U.S. Congress, 52 th union of scientists - the experimenters, religious denominations were suspended ban and a moratorium on experiments on cloning humans, and in general to all experiments on genomic changes in the germ cells * Rights - eggs and sperm.

Blood transfusions, transplants, artificial limbs - are everyday practice. Still sounds tempting - to grow "spare parts" of a sick person's own cells and thereby minimize the rejection of transplanted (transplanted), he tissues Caution against nitrates and organs. However, while these opportunities are used by transplanting organs is not grown in "test tube", a sober assessment of the situation people still have to hope for.

In August of 2001, the U.S. held a seminar on human cloning, organized by the National Academy of Sciences. Scientists - doctors, contrary to the U.S. Congress has already adopted a ban on research in this area, still sought (by the way, and still seek) law in the near future to clone homo sapiens.

Man can not stop there, and the example is the establishment of the 1997th year of the first in history of artificial mammal - Dolly the sheep. People seek to "divide and rule" by creating their own kind.

Back in the late 19 th century, Friedrich Nietzsche, first raised the problem of "chelovekobozhiya in anti-Christian sense. The mouth of Zarathustra, he proposed his own version of its solution in the doctrine of "superman". Almost simultaneously, Fyodor Dostoyevsky formulated the idea of God-man.

And from that time dilemma "divine-human nature - chelovekobozhie became the leading theme for reflection at the Russian philosophers.

In the late 20 th century "chelovekobozhie" - a peculiar desire to reach the level of "creation", ie the creation of living organisms with desirable properties for humans and options. In addition to the man created by God, modern culture is completely accepts the addition - of cloned creatures, that is created by man in his own way, the human, "image" and its own way, the human, "likeness". To supporters of human cloning, for example, refers SE Motkov that in 1991 the year of figured it was time to use the achievements of genetics to public policy. Genetic load, which is no exaggeration to lead to biological degradation of the population has reached a critical point now.

What will happen if cloning in all its forms will be available to humanity? The answer is definitely simple. Some people - want to recreate the dead cat or dog, others - Adolf Hitler, Bethovina, Marilyn Monroe. Why would "revolutionize" the people long dead, or are currently living on Earth - that totally logical.

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