The U.S. government is planning the following year to allocate about $ 125 million on the translation program of traditional medical records to electronic format, says the website of British newspaper Guardian. This was stated by President George W. Bush during his speech at the Cleveland Clinic.
"Virtually all businesses in the U.S. information technology to help increase brand name viagra efficiency - Bush said. - But, unfortunately, this did not prosihodit in medicine. We are new drugs that save our lives, but doctors still write stories disease of the hand. "
Funds for the computerization of hospitals, the U.S. government plans to allocate for the current year. If Bush's initiative to support the Congress, funding programs for 2005 will amount to U.S. $ 100 million - twice more than Viagra a history of impotence envisaged at the moment.
Experts estimate that from 50 to 100,000 U.S. residents die annually from medical errors. These errors including those associated with the conduct of medical records on paper. The introduction of a single standard electronic health records across the country will help doctors at any time to obtain detailed information about a particular patient, and immediately find the optimal treatment.
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Monday, December 27, 2010
Hepatitis
The word "hepatitis" with the medical language of man, translated quite simply - an inflammation of the liver caused by viruses. At the same time, the name of the disease "viral hepatitis" refers to a definite disease, and this situation needs some clarification. The fact is that inflammation of the liver can occur when too many viral infectious diseases - varicella, and infectious mononucleosis, and herpes infections in AIDS, in the end. But in all these cases (and the list is not exhaustive) of liver damage is just one of many manifestations of the disease.
Calling the same disease "hepatitis" and describing its various agents, the doctors are referring to very specific viral infection, in which the liver is the principal and defining characteristic of the disease.
At present, studied and described for several viruses that can cause viral hepatitis. Different viruses and, consequently, they cause hepatitis adopted by the letters (A, B, C, etc.). It is clear that the hepatitis A virus will cause disease, which is called - viral hepatitis A. For each shaped as letters lies a very specific virus and quite specific disease, which has its many features - and the prevalence among the population, and its transmission routes and the timing of the incubation period and severity of the disease itself, and the number of complications.
Once in the human body, any virus at all, and hepatitis viruses in particular affect very specific cells, namely those which he (the virus) can make brand name viagra work for themselves. It is obvious that a particular cell is not able to perform its core functions, and with it related to specific symptoms of the disease. In viral hepatitis this is a hepatocyte cell - the basic cell of the liver. The more hepatocytes virus struck, the lower the ability of human liver to perform its functions, the harder and more dangerous than the disease.
All studied to date, viral hepatitis can be safely divided into two main groups which differ from each other by the method of infection.
The first group - the typical intestinal infections with the so-called "fecal-oral" route of transmission - these include hepatitis A and hepatitis E.
The second group - the typical blood-borne infections: transmission - blood and other body fluids (saliva, semen, breast milk). Representatives of this group - viral hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis ? (delta). Now a few words about each of these hepatitis.
Viral hepatitis A
One of the most common intestinal infections, the incidence of which is closely connected with the sanitary condition of a particular area, especially (!!!) with the quality of drinking water. Susceptibility to this virus is universal, ie, any person who has a real chance to get infected; borne diseases leaves a very durable, practical life-long immunity, and children under the age of 14 suffer 3 times more often than adults. Given the characteristics of infection (waterway) is understandable that the greater consumption of water, the more likely become infected. Not surprisingly, in late summer and early autumn, there is rise in the incidence - in the summer should be a lot of water, and this summer is easiest to catch. Well, since the incubation period for hepatitis A, usually ranges from 4 to 6 weeks, then it is quite clear that the minimum incidence occurs in early summer and by autumn all who drank not something that should have been, and just sick.
Viral hepatitis E
Also intestinal infection, almost identical in all aspects of hepatitis A, but more common in Asia and Africa. If in order to get hepatitis A, theoretically enough to swallow a single virus, hepatitis E infective dose (ie, the amount of virus needed for infection) should be pretty big. This is why hepatitis E are rarely infected by domestic (through dirty hands), but often (of course, where the virus was present) - a water supply system. Epidemiologists believe that the high incidence of hepatitis A - a consequence of poor sanitary condition of water supply systems, and the incidence of hepatitis E - evidence of a very poor state of these systems. Not surprisingly in this context, an epidemic of hepatitis E in Asian countries where the number of cases tens of thousands of people. It is gratifying to note rarity of hepatitis E in the Ukraine, that is cause for optimism and faith in the bright future of domestic water systems.
Viral hepatitis B
Refers to infections, the most significant social and economic terms. According to WHO, more than 1 billion people are infected with hepatitis B virus, and the sick every year for more than 50 million and more than 2 million - die! As we have noted, the hepatitis B virus is transmitted through contaminated blood, and (rarely) through sexual contact. Make no mistake about the fact that if you do not seek care, and carefully selected partners, the disease does not threaten you.
Enough to infect the smallest drop of blood and sometimes a source of infection is a common toothbrush or passionate kissing.
Frequent infections during cosmetic procedures, ear piercing, tattooing, the use of common razors, although in the first place, and it is unique, therapeutic and diagnostic medical procedure - surgery, injections, blood transfusions, etc. The incubation period for hepatitis B significantly longer than for hepatitis A - from 2 to 6 months. In general, hepatitis B differs most of all viral hepatitis severity of the disease - 10% of patients after acute hepatitis B develop chronic hepatitis, often ending with liver cirrhosis. A very important point in the spread of the disease is the fact that from 5 to 10% of people who have had hepatitis B become chronic carriers (and distributors) of the virus.
If the disease is a pregnant woman with hepatitis A to the fetus is not dangerous, then the risk of hepatitis B infection and the fetus and the newborn is very high.
Viral hepatitis C
Distributed the same way as hepatitis B, but takes a little easier. It is not uncommon - up to 15% of all viral hepatitis is associated with hepatitis C.
Viral hepatitis ?
Very (!) A terrible version of viral hepatitis. Feature of the delta virus is the fact that multiply and cause disease, he can only in the presence of hepatitis B. Thus, the liver hit simultaneously two of the virus, and, simply put, the delta virus as it enhances the striking effect of hepatitis B virus with the most adverse effects.
To distinguish the symptoms of the disease a viral hepatitis from another is almost impossible (for this is fairly sophisticated laboratory studies). At the same time, not very sophisticated research can confidently answer the question - is viral hepatitis, or not?
There are three typical symptoms of any viral hepatitis:
1) jaundice (icteric staining of skin and mucous membranes);
2) dark urine;
3) light stools.
Other manifestations of the disease can be quite diverse - fever, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache.
Frequent relatively light, anicteric form of the disease, when only the analysis can allow a doctor to properly diagnose.
No doctor, even the most experienced and even be hosted the best results of the survey can not predict the course of the disease - and the timing of recovery and severity of illness and the likelihood of complications until the development of cirrhosis in a very small extent depend on the efforts of medical personnel and determined only three factors:
1) activity of the virus;
2) ability to "fend for themselves";
3) the accuracy with which the patient performs a medical appointment.
Much to our regret, the possibilities of medicine in the treatment of viral hepatitis is very low. Patients with severe disease and with severe hepatic insufficiency treated in intensive care units infectious disease hospitals. Treatment is very complicated, very expensive and, sadly, often not very effective. Ways of dealing directly with the virus Viagra what is the cause of impotence have not yet figured out why the goal of treatment - reducing the load on the liver and the correction of the disorders that occur with liver failure (toxaemia, blood coagulation disorders, digestive disorders, etc.).
For mild and moderate forms of viral hepatitis principal and practically the only way of treatment - it's diet and rest (but American doctors do not take for granted the fact that the limitation of physical activity accelerates the recovery). The essence of the diet - readily assimilable products. Categorical exclusion of fat. Plenty of fluids. That is why the treatment in a hospital environment is preferable because:
a) less likely that someone from loving relatives "sorry" and give something tasty;
b) can help in time with an increase in severity of illness, for example, to introduce a sufficient number of intravenous fluids, when, because of vomiting, a person can not drink (in viral hepatitis doctors try not to appoint antiemetic drugs, as most of them destroyed in the liver, which can only worsen the patient's condition);
c) easier to limit the motor activity.
Of course, doctors in viral hepatitis drugs prescribed - vitamins, Kars, essentiale, and if still drip with gemodeza, but then more glucose - such treatment is able to satisfy the vast majority of our compatriots. But the most difficult psychological moment the treatment of viral hepatitis is the fact that the average adult, as a rule, tend to overestimate the significance of infusions and vitamins, underestimating the importance of elemental diet.
All good all together naimodneyshih drugs can be easily neutralized with a piece of bacon or a glass of alcohol!
Calling the same disease "hepatitis" and describing its various agents, the doctors are referring to very specific viral infection, in which the liver is the principal and defining characteristic of the disease.
At present, studied and described for several viruses that can cause viral hepatitis. Different viruses and, consequently, they cause hepatitis adopted by the letters (A, B, C, etc.). It is clear that the hepatitis A virus will cause disease, which is called - viral hepatitis A. For each shaped as letters lies a very specific virus and quite specific disease, which has its many features - and the prevalence among the population, and its transmission routes and the timing of the incubation period and severity of the disease itself, and the number of complications.
Once in the human body, any virus at all, and hepatitis viruses in particular affect very specific cells, namely those which he (the virus) can make brand name viagra work for themselves. It is obvious that a particular cell is not able to perform its core functions, and with it related to specific symptoms of the disease. In viral hepatitis this is a hepatocyte cell - the basic cell of the liver. The more hepatocytes virus struck, the lower the ability of human liver to perform its functions, the harder and more dangerous than the disease.
All studied to date, viral hepatitis can be safely divided into two main groups which differ from each other by the method of infection.
The first group - the typical intestinal infections with the so-called "fecal-oral" route of transmission - these include hepatitis A and hepatitis E.
The second group - the typical blood-borne infections: transmission - blood and other body fluids (saliva, semen, breast milk). Representatives of this group - viral hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis ? (delta). Now a few words about each of these hepatitis.
Viral hepatitis A
One of the most common intestinal infections, the incidence of which is closely connected with the sanitary condition of a particular area, especially (!!!) with the quality of drinking water. Susceptibility to this virus is universal, ie, any person who has a real chance to get infected; borne diseases leaves a very durable, practical life-long immunity, and children under the age of 14 suffer 3 times more often than adults. Given the characteristics of infection (waterway) is understandable that the greater consumption of water, the more likely become infected. Not surprisingly, in late summer and early autumn, there is rise in the incidence - in the summer should be a lot of water, and this summer is easiest to catch. Well, since the incubation period for hepatitis A, usually ranges from 4 to 6 weeks, then it is quite clear that the minimum incidence occurs in early summer and by autumn all who drank not something that should have been, and just sick.
Viral hepatitis E
Also intestinal infection, almost identical in all aspects of hepatitis A, but more common in Asia and Africa. If in order to get hepatitis A, theoretically enough to swallow a single virus, hepatitis E infective dose (ie, the amount of virus needed for infection) should be pretty big. This is why hepatitis E are rarely infected by domestic (through dirty hands), but often (of course, where the virus was present) - a water supply system. Epidemiologists believe that the high incidence of hepatitis A - a consequence of poor sanitary condition of water supply systems, and the incidence of hepatitis E - evidence of a very poor state of these systems. Not surprisingly in this context, an epidemic of hepatitis E in Asian countries where the number of cases tens of thousands of people. It is gratifying to note rarity of hepatitis E in the Ukraine, that is cause for optimism and faith in the bright future of domestic water systems.
Viral hepatitis B
Refers to infections, the most significant social and economic terms. According to WHO, more than 1 billion people are infected with hepatitis B virus, and the sick every year for more than 50 million and more than 2 million - die! As we have noted, the hepatitis B virus is transmitted through contaminated blood, and (rarely) through sexual contact. Make no mistake about the fact that if you do not seek care, and carefully selected partners, the disease does not threaten you.
Enough to infect the smallest drop of blood and sometimes a source of infection is a common toothbrush or passionate kissing.
Frequent infections during cosmetic procedures, ear piercing, tattooing, the use of common razors, although in the first place, and it is unique, therapeutic and diagnostic medical procedure - surgery, injections, blood transfusions, etc. The incubation period for hepatitis B significantly longer than for hepatitis A - from 2 to 6 months. In general, hepatitis B differs most of all viral hepatitis severity of the disease - 10% of patients after acute hepatitis B develop chronic hepatitis, often ending with liver cirrhosis. A very important point in the spread of the disease is the fact that from 5 to 10% of people who have had hepatitis B become chronic carriers (and distributors) of the virus.
If the disease is a pregnant woman with hepatitis A to the fetus is not dangerous, then the risk of hepatitis B infection and the fetus and the newborn is very high.
Viral hepatitis C
Distributed the same way as hepatitis B, but takes a little easier. It is not uncommon - up to 15% of all viral hepatitis is associated with hepatitis C.
Viral hepatitis ?
Very (!) A terrible version of viral hepatitis. Feature of the delta virus is the fact that multiply and cause disease, he can only in the presence of hepatitis B. Thus, the liver hit simultaneously two of the virus, and, simply put, the delta virus as it enhances the striking effect of hepatitis B virus with the most adverse effects.
To distinguish the symptoms of the disease a viral hepatitis from another is almost impossible (for this is fairly sophisticated laboratory studies). At the same time, not very sophisticated research can confidently answer the question - is viral hepatitis, or not?
There are three typical symptoms of any viral hepatitis:
1) jaundice (icteric staining of skin and mucous membranes);
2) dark urine;
3) light stools.
Other manifestations of the disease can be quite diverse - fever, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache.
Frequent relatively light, anicteric form of the disease, when only the analysis can allow a doctor to properly diagnose.
No doctor, even the most experienced and even be hosted the best results of the survey can not predict the course of the disease - and the timing of recovery and severity of illness and the likelihood of complications until the development of cirrhosis in a very small extent depend on the efforts of medical personnel and determined only three factors:
1) activity of the virus;
2) ability to "fend for themselves";
3) the accuracy with which the patient performs a medical appointment.
Much to our regret, the possibilities of medicine in the treatment of viral hepatitis is very low. Patients with severe disease and with severe hepatic insufficiency treated in intensive care units infectious disease hospitals. Treatment is very complicated, very expensive and, sadly, often not very effective. Ways of dealing directly with the virus Viagra what is the cause of impotence have not yet figured out why the goal of treatment - reducing the load on the liver and the correction of the disorders that occur with liver failure (toxaemia, blood coagulation disorders, digestive disorders, etc.).
For mild and moderate forms of viral hepatitis principal and practically the only way of treatment - it's diet and rest (but American doctors do not take for granted the fact that the limitation of physical activity accelerates the recovery). The essence of the diet - readily assimilable products. Categorical exclusion of fat. Plenty of fluids. That is why the treatment in a hospital environment is preferable because:
a) less likely that someone from loving relatives "sorry" and give something tasty;
b) can help in time with an increase in severity of illness, for example, to introduce a sufficient number of intravenous fluids, when, because of vomiting, a person can not drink (in viral hepatitis doctors try not to appoint antiemetic drugs, as most of them destroyed in the liver, which can only worsen the patient's condition);
c) easier to limit the motor activity.
Of course, doctors in viral hepatitis drugs prescribed - vitamins, Kars, essentiale, and if still drip with gemodeza, but then more glucose - such treatment is able to satisfy the vast majority of our compatriots. But the most difficult psychological moment the treatment of viral hepatitis is the fact that the average adult, as a rule, tend to overestimate the significance of infusions and vitamins, underestimating the importance of elemental diet.
All good all together naimodneyshih drugs can be easily neutralized with a piece of bacon or a glass of alcohol!
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)